Inference-Time Adaptation of Vision-Language Models

State-of-the-art few-shot detection, zero-shot classification, and alignment with frozen, black-box VLMs.

Problem. Adapting vision-language models to new tasks usually means fine-tuning, which requires weight access, task-specific data, and compute. Practitioners with 10 labeled images and an API key have no good option.

Finding. The model’s inputs and internals carry enough signal to close the gap; the weights can stay frozen. Three complementary results:

  • DetPO (ECCV 2026): an iterative prompt-optimization framework that mines false-positive and false-negative feedback to rewrite detection prompts. With contemporary VLMs (e.g., Qwen3, Gemini3) it reaches state-of-the-art few-shot detection on the RF20 benchmark, outperforming specialist models such as GroundingDINO, entirely in a black-box setting. Code · Project page
  • Distribution-conditioned attribute selection (PFATCV Workshop at ECCV 2026, Oral): LLM-generated class descriptors are label-conditioned, not image-conditioned; removing class names collapses ImageNet accuracy from 59.5% to 15.5%. Selecting attributes directly from target images in CLIP’s embedding space recovers 23.8% without class names, beats CoOp at minimal cost, and yields interpretable dataset summaries. arXiv · Project page
  • Activation Reward Models (ACL Findings 2026): reward models built from VLM activations align model behavior from a handful of examples. Paper
  • Soft-prompt tuning (ongoing): learned continuous prompt embeddings match or exceed LoRA fine-tuning in the 10-shot setting.

Why it matters. Adaptation becomes an inference-time problem rather than a training problem: cheaper to deploy, auditable, and usable with closed-weight models.

See the publications page for the papers.